Citations can be exported directly to your Google Drive, or to Word or other formats. How to Set-up and Use NoodleTools. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. These resources follow the seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style 17t h e dition , which was issued in Please note that although these resources reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Manual of Style 17 th edition concerning documentation practices, you can review a full list of updates concerning usage, technology, professional practice, etc.
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart of all CMOS citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart. The material on this page focuses primarily on one of the two CMOS documentation styles: the Notes-Bibliography System NB , which is used by those working in literature, history, and the arts.
The other documentation style, the Author-Date System, is nearly identical in content but slightly different in form and is preferred by those working in the social sciences. Though the two systems both convey all of the important information about each source, they differ not only in terms of the way they direct readers to these sources, but also in terms of their formatting e.
For examples of how these citation styles work in research papers, consult our sample papers:. In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. It will help you understand footnotes vs endnotes, teach you how to create them, and show real examples you can learn from. A footnote is indicated with a superscript numeral like this 1 within the text that corresponds to the same numeral at the bottom of the page, which is followed by the reference or additional information.
The footnote should be included directly following the text it pertains to, usually after any punctuation. In Chicago style notes-bibliography style , footnotes are used instead of in-text citations to cite sources and to reduce interruption to the flow of the writing. However, footnotes can also be used to provide an additional explanation that would be difficult or distracting to include in the body of the text, to point the reader to additional reading or background information, to clarify a term or editorial decision, or to provide any other information that cannot be included within the text itself.
People working in the humanities—literature, history, and the arts—are the primary users of the Chicago footnotes and bibliography system. The main difference between footnotes and endnotes is that footnotes are included at the bottom of each page, whereas endnotes are included at the end of a chapter, article, or book. For example, in a text that has a significant number of notes, it may be better to format them as endnotes since the footnotes would take up a lot of room at the bottom of each page, making the text harder to read.
Chicago footnotes provide a note each time a source is referenced and are often combined with a bibliography at the end. Footnotes should match with a superscript number at the end of the sentence referencing the source. You should begin with 1 and continue numerically throughout the paper. Do not start the order over on each page. It includes minor changes, expansions on topics, and new referencing structures. It is no longer recommended to use the abbreviation ibid. Instead, shortened references, such as the ones in the examples towards the top of this page, are preferred.
Furthermore, the website and blog sections were expanded to display additional examples and scenarios. Finally, structures and examples for numerous social media platforms and other online resources were added into the official manual. The proper use of a referencing system, such as the Chicago format, protects writers from committing plagiarism and being accused of plagiarizing their work.
As a general rule, you must highlight any borrowed source material that might appear to be your own if it is not cited correctly. When in doubt, remember that it is much better to over-cite your work than under-cite. It is important to bear in mind, however, that simply citing your sources does not keep your paper free from plagiarism. Plagiarism can occur if you use an exact quote but do not identify the exact quote as such with quotation marks even if you do cite it.
Additionally, if you paraphrase a source but just change a few words here and there instead of making it your own, you could be committing plagiarism even with a citation. For more information on incorporating the work of others into your paper, the CMOS offers some helpful guidelines in sections The importance of attributing your research goes beyond avoiding plagiarism, and while it may seem like a tedious process, attributing and documenting your sources is an essential practice for all academic writers.
The use of accurate Chicago style citations validate your work by demonstrating that you have thoroughly researched your chosen subject and found a variety of scholarly opinions and ideas to support, or challenge, your thesis. As an academic writer, your written work is a chance to engage in conversation with the scholars that you are citing by placing your own ideas in the context of the larger intellectual conversation about your topic. In correctly using citations, you also lead your reader directly to the sources you have consulted, thereby enabling them to form their own views on your opinions and appreciate your contribution to the topic.
Here at Cite This For Me we know that citing can be an arduous and time-consuming process. Luckily for you, you can work more efficiently by using the Cite This For Me Chicago style citation generator. As you research and write your paper, you will come across all types of material. It is important to know what kinds of sources are appropriate for research papers and what types are not as you begin to write and cite the material you are building your research on.
There are three kinds of sources that you will come across as you delve into your research topic:. When you first begin to write, you will often have a broad topic or research question in mind. This is the perfect time to use reference sources to begin to understand the basics surrounding your topic and the current research on it.
Reference sources include those that summarize information about topics. You might read some pages on Wikipedia, check out an encyclopedia entry on your topic, look at a specialized dictionary entry e. These sources will help you to understand your topic broadly, but generally are not sources considered acceptable to cite in scholarly work. They are, however, excellent starting points and may point you to important and relevant scholarly literature you should read.
An important part of research is finding and analyzing primary sources , or sources that provide original material about your given topic or question. What is considered to be a primary source will vary significantly depending on your field of research and the time period about which you are writing.
For example, if you are writing about Renaissance literature, a text by Shakespeare might be one of your primary sources. If you are studying Renaissance history, you might be looking at letters written during that time in an archive or published critical edition.
If you are looking at modern current events, social media posts revealing reactions to these events or posting videos of the events might be your primary source. For social sciences, data collected through surveys might be your primary source.
Primary sources provide the evidence for the argument you are going to make in your paper. Secondary sources are sources that are aimed at scholars, well-researched, and generally based on primary sources. These are sources you will engage frequently in your research as they help to show your readers that you are informed on the topic, know what the current field of research looks like, and that you have considered multiple viewpoints on the topic before taking your stance.
Secondary sources include scholarly books, journal articles, published reports, and other similar types of material.
Are you battling to get your Chicago citations finished in time? Feeling the pressure of imminent deadlines? Remove all the pain of citations with the Cite This For Me intuitive and accurate citation generator.
Cite This For Me is committed to educating academic writers across the globe in the art of accurate citing. We believe it is essential that you equip yourself with the knowledge of why you need to use a referencing system, how best to insert citations in the main body of your assignment, and how to accurately compile a bibliography. At first, referencing may seem like a waste of time when you would much rather be focusing on the actual content of your work, but after reading this extensive Chicago style citation guide we hope that you will see referencing as a valuable, lifelong skill that is worth honing.
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