Can perform various tests in a short period. Manual testing can also test for customer experience in using the product. Automated testing provides no information on the customer's ease of using the product. Manual testing is ideal for exploratory, ad-hoc, and usability testing. Automated testing is ideal for regression, load and performance testing, or any other tests requiring repetition.
Low investment and low ROI. High investment and high ROI. Integration Testing System Testing Integration testing is performed to ensure that all the different modules can work together without any errors. System testing is performed to ensure that the whole system meets the customer's requirements. Only functional testing. Involves both functional and non-functional testing. Integration testing is carried out after unit testing.
The system test is a high-level test and is usually carried out after integration testing. It involves both black box and white box testing. It only needs black box testing. Skill-Based Software Testing Interview Questions The skill-based software testing interview questions and answers are designed to test if you have good analytical, communication, and time management skills in addition to strong technical skills.
Bugs can belong to any of the three categories. Low : User interface issues and accessibility issues are assigned a low severity. Medium : Bugs where the users are unable to perform certain actions, software hangs, leaky abstractions, failure of boundary conditions are classified as medium severity. High : Bugs that can crash the system or cause security issues are classified as high severity. Any kind of business logic or calculation errors, loss of data or exposing sensitive data, the system crashing under high load, the system crashing when the user takes certain actions, and security problems come under this category.
Here are some of the best practices you should follow while writing test cases. Always think from the perspective of an end-user while writing the test case. Make sure that you provide proper descriptions for the test cases. The description should include the test tools, data, and the details of the environment.
Always follow the proper naming conventions while naming the test cases. It makes it easier for the stakeholders to trace the test to the requirements.
Make it a point to check your test cases for redundancies regularly. You should always specify the assumptions made while testing. The test cases should be detailed enough that anyone can run them.
As far as possible, ensure that the test cases are independent. If there are any interdependencies between test cases, then clearly point them out. All test cases must be assigned a priority. Why is it important? The response codes are three-digit numbers varying from to They indicate the actions that the client should take to satisfy the HTTP request.
Black box or white box? Scenario-Based Software Testing Interview Questions The scenario-based software testing interview questions present some of the common challenging scenarios that a software tester will face. Try to make the test cases as flexible as you can. Try to come up with a higher-level plan for testing and avoid getting into the minute details.
Try to understand which features or functionalities are an absolute must and least likely to change. Proceed with testing them in detail while the other functionalities are finalized. The test team can also become a part of the requirement gathering meetings to better understand the requirements that are less likely to be changed.
What are the different scenarios you will use? Here are a few scenarios to consider while testing websites. Check if all the page links and hyperlinks redirect to where they are intended to redirect.
Test all forms with valid as well as invalid data. Also, try leaving the fields empty and test with existing records. Test the functionality of the website as per the requirements.
It gives the order in which a defect should be resolved. Developers decide which defect they should take up next based on the priority. It can be High, Medium or Low. Most of the times the priority status is set based on the customer requirement. A critical bug is a show stopper which means a large piece of functionality or major system component is completely broken and there is no workaround to move further.
For example, Due to a bug in one module, we cannot test the other modules because that blocker bug has blocked other modules. Bugs which affects the customers business are considered as critical. An error message pops up when a customer clicks on transfer money button in a Banking website.
Standalone applications follow one-tier architecture. Presentation, Business, and Database layer are in one system for a single user.
Client-server applications follow two-tier architecture. Presentation and Business layer are in a client system and Database layer on another server. It works majorly in Intranet. Web server applications follow three-tier or n-tier architecture. The presentation layer is in a client system, a Business layer is in an application server and Database layer is in a Database server.
It works both in Intranet and Internet. Bug life cycle is also known as Defect life cycle. In Software Development process, the bug has a life cycle. The bug should go through the life cycle to be closed. A bug which is actually missed by the testing team while testing and the build was released to the Production.
If now that bug which was missed by the testing team was found by the end user or customer then we call it as Bug Leakage. Releasing the software to the Production with the known bugs then we call it as Bug Release. These known bugs should be included in the release note. Defect age can be defined as the time interval between date of defect detection and date of defect closure. Assume, a tester found a bug and reported it on 1 Jan and it was successfully fixed on 5 Jan So the defect age is 5 days.
Error seeding is a process of adding known errors intendedly in a program to identify the rate of error detection. It helps in the process of estimating the tester skills of finding bugs and also to know the ability of the application how well the application is working when it has errors.
Error guessing is also a method of test case design similar to error seeding. In error guessing, testers design test cases by guessing the possible errors that might occur in the software application. The intention is to catch the errors immediately. Assume that login button is not working. Even though you have a valid username and valid password, you could not move further because the login button is not functioning. At times, a build executed in the production evironment would have some critical errors and it would be rolled back.
Now development team kept all their work aside and focus on fixing these errors immediately and release a new build to fix that in the production. This build is referred as a hotfix. Patches and hotfixes are two distinct types of software updates.
Patches are available to the public, while hotfixes are not. A bugfix is a build aimed at resolving a bug which is detected by the testers in the testing cycle. A bug bounty program lets an organization offer reward to a person who find errors in their software and report them. Bug bounty is a concept that has existed since the internet was created.
Companies started to understand how expensive it is for them to hire experts in penetration testing every time they want to find vulnerabilities on their website or application.
So recently, bug bounty programs become mainstream. The first company to catch on to this concept was Google. There are four strategies to be followed for the rollout of any software testing project are as follows:.
Boundary value analysis BVA is based on testing the boundary values of valid and invalid partitions. The Behavior at the edge of each equivalence partition is more likely to be incorrect than the behavior within the partition, so boundaries are an area where testing is likely to yield defects. Every partition has its maximum and minimum values and these maximum and minimum values are the boundary values of a partition.
A boundary value for a valid partition is a valid boundary value. Similarly, a boundary value for an invalid partition is an invalid boundary value. Equivalence Partitioning is also known as Equivalence Class Partitioning. In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases.
Decision Table is aka Cause-Effect Table. This test technique is appropriate for functionalities which has logical relationships between inputs if-else logic. In the Decision table technique, we deal with combinations of inputs. To identify the test cases with a decision table, we consider conditions and actions. We take conditions as inputs and actions as outputs. Using state transition testing, we pick test cases from an application where we need to test different system transitions.
We can apply this when an application gives a different output for the same input, depending on what has happened in the earlier state. The prerequisites that must be achieved before commencing the testing process. The conditions that must be met before testing should be concluded. Software Development Life Cycle SDLC aims to produce a high-quality system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, works effectively and efficiently in the current and planned information technology infrastructure, and is inexpensive to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.
We can do System Testing only when all the units are in place and working properly. Manual testing is crucial for testing software applications more thoroughly.
The procedure of manual testing comprises of the following. Planning and Control 2. Analysis and Design 3. Implementation and Execution 4. Evaluating and Reporting 5.
Test Closure activities. Even though testing differs between Organizations, there is a testing life cycle. Requirements Traceability Matrix RTM is used to trace the requirements to the tests that are needed to verify whether the requirements are fulfilled. We have to ensure that every requirement has atleast 1 test case. Software test metrics is to monitor and control process and product. It helps to drive the project towards our planned goals without deviation.
Metrics answer different questions. API testing is a type of software testing that involves testing APIs directly and also as a part of integration testing to check whether the API meets expectations in terms of functionality, reliability, performance, and security of an application.
Prerequisites to start writing black-box test cases are Requirement documents or design documents. These documents will be available before initiating a project. Prerequisites to start writing white box test cases are the internal architecture of the application. The internal architecture of the application will be available in the later part of the project i.
Workbench is a practice of documenting how a specific activity must be performed. It is often referred to as phases, steps, and tasks. In random testing is a form of black-box software testing technique where the application is testing by generating random data. After reading this Interview Questions for Manual Testing, if you find that we missed some important questions, please comment below we would try to include those with answers.
Here I have hand-picked a few posts which will help you to learn more interview related stuff along with these interview questions on manual testing. If you have any more manual interview questions, feel free to ask via comments. If you find this post useful, do share it with your friends on Social Networking. He has extensive experience in the field of Software Testing. Furthermore, he loves to be with his wife and a cute little kid 'Freedom'. Sure Shahi… we will do it.
Could you please explain : 1. Testing process.. Challenges — for examples repeated testing which we overcome using automation tool 3. Bug life cycle is almost same in all the tools.. Raj Kumar you have done a great job. You have covered every single topic from Manual Testing syllabus..
Your answer was right, but you need to give them the right logic as below: If HDFC net banking website Bank name is misspelled then it may leads to ward the doubt that the site is not authentic and we cant risk with login. It may expose the login credentials to the frauds. So i will not take risk and avoid login to the portal. Hi, I have read your Manual Testing Materials. It looks like very helpful for the job seeker for preparing interview. Thanks for helping out people by providing such a quality document.
Good Work.. Hoping for some new tutorials on Tosca, UFT etc. I liked your blog and its have excellent information about Software testing. Keep up the good work. Hi Sourabh, thanks. We will surely look into that. If you feel anything very important is not covered here, please share it in the comment section and we will include them in this Manual Testing Interview Questions blog post. Your email address will not be published. Skip to content. Like This Post?
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Unsubscribe anytime. Your data is safe. Post navigation Previous Previous. Next Continue. Similar Posts. If the development team does not have feedback regarding the priority of test cases, the next step would be seeking end-user or customer feedback to determine which elements of the application are most important and should be prioritized.
After completing the high priority test cases, I would move on to the mid-level and lower-level test cases. This type of question helps an interviewer determine whether you can learn from your previous experiences. Another option would be to identify alternate test cases and include those in the planned execution of the application.
A question that asks about the differences between two types of testing is asked to determine whether you understand the testing process and how to apply various methods. Both are essential, but they serve different purposes. When conducting functional testing, I am looking for how the application behaves and the actions link directly to customer and client requirements.
Examples of functional testing include integrations, system regulations and regression. Nonfunctional testing includes elements of the application that are not specific requirements but relate more to how it performs under certain conditions. As a tester, it is my responsibility to budget enough time to dedicate to both sides of the testing process. Interviewers may ask about how you complete your testing process to make sure you know how to finish a job.
I also follow all requirements set forth by the developer in the testing process, and I keep careful track of the steps I take when performing tests to cover all aspects and look for any defects within the application. Asking a question about the different types of testing helps the interviewer know whether you understand how to apply the various ways to test software.
A question about handling ambiguity is usually asked to gain an understanding of your personality when you may not have all the information. I enjoy putting my skills and experience into every task I take on and every test case I handle. When asked to describe a process, it is best to include every step to show your knowledge of that particular process. When a test case does fail, I will dig deeper into the cause of the failure, rather than just reporting it as a failure.
By looking for symptoms that caused the defect, I can provide more detailed information that helps aid in a faster resolution. Requesting details about your documentation process helps the interviewer know whether you keep good records. All test cases are documented and I include any noted symptoms to provide as much detail as possible to the developer. When an interviewer asks about working with others, they want to know how you interact with a team.
I am comfortable working with people from all backgrounds and skill sets, and I enjoy gaining the experience that comes from working as part of a team.
Attention to detail is important in a software testing role, so use this question to include an example of your skill in this area.
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